The balance of power between the Executive and Legislative branches Essay

The balance of power between the Executive and Legislative branches has tipped in favour of a dominant Executive with negative c - Essay Example This means that no single arm of government should control the other two arms. However, this is not the case as seen in the study of the political system of Russia, United States of America and France, (Fitjar, 2010) Russia Russia emerged after the breakup of the United Social Soviet republic. It is made up of eighty nine republics and other jurisdictions. Russia’s political system is different from that of the United States of America and France. This is because the constitution, which was adopted in 1993 provided that Russia be governed by the three arms of government. However, the constitution did not give equal powers to all the arms of government. For example, the president is both the commander in chief of the armed forces and the chair to the Security Council. Vladimir Putin is said to have used this power to strengthen his office. The executive arm of the Russian government is comprises the prime minister, other cabinet ministers and the attorney general, (White, 2005) . The prime minister is appointed by the president and is the chair of the constitutional court which is the highest court in Russia. He is also the head of the Central Bank of Russia. Russia’s legislature is made up of two houses. The first house is the Federation council which is made up of 180 members who serve four years terms. The other house is the state Duma which is comprised of 450 members who also serve terms of four years. Both houses have different responsibilities. The State Duma has more powers than the Federal council which is viewed as a reviewing and consultation body. One important role of the legislature is to check and control the executive by making sure that transparency is observed in the operations of the government. However, in Russia the executive has dominated over the executive resulting in various consequences. The executive in Russia has dominated over the legislature in many ways. The president of Russia is allowed to appoint top government offi cials without consultation with the legislature. However, this is with the exception with the appointment of the prime minister where the lower house of the legislature should confirm the nominee for the position of prime minister. Despite this being the case, the president has the power to dissolve the lower house if they do not confirm a nominee to be the prime minister three times consecutively. This has resulted in the lower house accepting nominees for prime ministers since it faces the risk of dissolution if the nominees are not passed. It is said that it is through this that presidents like Vladimir Putin have taken advantage of this political system to empire their offices so that the government can be dominated by them. Another way that the executive in Russia destabilizes the balance of the executive and the legislature is by making sure they can control the federal council. The president does this by changing the process of ex official membership into presidential appoint ment. For example, in the year 2000 President Vladimir Putin replaced ex official members with those he appointed. This made sure he could influence decisions by the Federal Council in accordance with policies of the executive. Even though, the State Duma can pass a vote of no confidence for the government, the president has the powers to ignore the vote and even dissolve the house if they take another vote within the period of three months. United States of America The

Case Study - Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Study - Research Proposal - Essay Example This diminishes their quality of life and increase health care costs even though early detection can either prevent or lessen or postpone some of the emotional social and debilitating physical effects that these impairments have on the older people (Parmeleet al, 1992). The major key issue that I have encountered in this field is that those who have the responsibility of taking care of the aged always have a negative opinion towards the behavior of the aged people; they claim that, the aged are too demanding and always complaining. In addition to poor memory and loss of important sense which disable them to understand, reason and act as expected and due to these complications they create an unpleasant relationship with nurses in care homes and public in general and this sometimes results in neglect, abuse and mistreatment (Lau et al, 2001). Nursing homes should be located in a serene cool environment free of any form of disturbances and pollution with access to shops public transport and most importantly close to family and friends. It should also be designed such that it contains:- These properties ease work and reduce e stressing conditions experienced by nurses. A nursing home should also contain occupational and recreational facilities for the needs of its residents (Parmeleet al, 1992). ... A nursing home should also contain occupational and recreational facilities for the needs of its residents (Parmeleet al, 1992). There should be also sufficient security to ensure maximum safety and must of course comply with the building regulations and with general fire and safety rules since the homes are required to provide the residents with comfort. A nursing home must ensure that suitable, sufficient, nutrition and a variety of food is provided since dietary restriction on medical or religious grounds must be common also involving the residents in planning meal time and choice of food will reduce the rate of conflicts (Zerhusen et al, 1991) (ii) Education and training Nurse's area very busy due to the amount of work involved in nursing homes and must be in relatively good physical shape. They should also be good in communication skills in order to deal effectively with their patients by practicing good listening and giving clear directions to both patients and aides (Zerhusen et al, 1991). This is essential in dealing with human suffering and emergencies. In addition to fostering mutual understanding between the nurses and aged, the nurses must completely undergo through training in state approved practical nursing programs, which can be offered through community based, and technical programs. Also periodic licensing renewal is essential where the nurses are interviewed and their performance scrutinized and their service record checked (McCurren et al, 1999). In the improvement of prompt service provision new technology has to be implemented and this calls for further training of the nurses in regard to new systems and equipments introduced. Educating the nurses increases their understanding; attitude and insight in